B3U1课文及语言点

新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册   

Unit  1

课前听力1

Text A 课文2

Stevie, a mentally handicapped boy,is given a job as a busboy in a truck-stop restaurant. He takes pride in doinghis job exactly right and regular trucker customers soon adopt him as theirofficial truck-stop mascot. When the boy undergoes heart surgery, the truck customersand their companies reach out helping hands.

Something for Stevie

Dan Anderson

1.   I try not to be biased, but I had mydoubts about hiring Stevie. His placement counselor assuredme that he would be a good, reliable busboy. ButI had never had a mentally handicapped employee and wasn’t sure I wanted one. Iwasn’t sure how my customers would react. Stevie was short, a little dumpy,with the smooth facial features and thick-tongued speech of Down’s syndrome.

2.   I wasn’t worried about most of my trucker customers. Truckers don’tgenerally care who buses tables as long as the food is good and the pies arehomemade. The ones who concerned me were the mouthy college kids traveling toschool; the yuppie snobs who secretly polish their silverware with theirnapkins for fear of catching some dreaded “truck-stop germ;” and the pairs ofwhite-shirted businessmen on expense accounts who think every truck-stopwaitress wants to be flirted with. I knew those people would be uncomfortablearound Stevie, so I closely watched him for the first few weeks.

3.   I shouldn’t have worried. After the first week, Stevie had my staff wrapped around his little finger.Within a month my trucker regulars had adopted him as their official truck-stopmascot. After that I really didn’t care what the rest of the customers thought.

4.   He was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eagerto please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and peppershaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got donewith the table.

5.   Our only problem was convincing him to waitto clean a table until after the customers were finished. He would hover in the background,shifting his weight from one foot to the other, scanning the dining room untila table was empty. Then he would hurry to the empty table and carefully bus thedishes and glasses onto the cart and meticulously wipe the table with apracticed flourish of his rag. If he thought a customer was watching, his browswould pucker with added concentration. He took pride indoing his job exactly right, and you had to love how hard he tried toplease each and every person he met.

6.   Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who wasdisabled after repeated surgeries for cancer. They lived on their SocialSecurity benefits in public housing two miles from the truck-stop. Their socialworker, who stopped to check on him every so often, admitted they had fallen between thecracks. Money was tight, and what I paid him wasprobably the difference between them being able to live together and Steviebeing sent to a group home.

7.    That’s why therestaurant was a gloomy place that morning last August, the first morning inthree years that Stevie missed work. He was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester getting a newvalve or something put in his heart. His social worker said that people withDown’s syndrome often have heart problems at an early age, so this wasn’tunexpected. There was a good chance he would come through thesurgery in good shape and be back at work in a few months.

8.    A ripple of excitementran through the staff later that morning when word came that he was out ofsurgery, in recovery and doing fine. Frannie, my head waitress, let out a war whoop and did a little dance in the aisle when she heard thegood news. Belle Ringer, one of our regular trucker customers, stared at thesight of this 50-year-old grandmother of four doing a victory shimmy beside histable. Frannie blushed, smoothed her apron and shot Belle Ringer a withering look.

9.    He grinned. “OK, Frannie, what was that all about?” he asked.

10.   “We just got word thatStevie is out of surgery and going to be okay.” she responded.

11.   “I was wondering wherehe was,” said Belle. “I had a new joke to tell him. What was the surgery about?”

12.   Frannie quickly told himand the other two drivers sitting at his booth about Stevie’s surgery, thensighed. “Yeah, I’m glad he is going to be okay,” she said, “but I don’t knowhow he and his mom are going to handle all the bills. From what I hear, they’rebarely gettingbyas it is.” Belle Ringer nodded thoughtfully, andFrannie hurried off to wait on the rest of her tables.

13.   After the morning rush,Frannie walked into my office. She had a couple of paper napkins in her handand a funny look on her face. “What’s up?” I asked. “That table where BelleRinger and his friendswere sitting,” she said, “this was folded and tucked under a coffee cup.” Shehanded the napkin to me, and three $20 bills fell onto my desk when I openedit. On the outside, in big, bold letters, was printed “Something For Stevie.”

14.  “Pony Pete also asked me what that dance was all about,” she said, “so Itold him about Stevie and his mom and everything, and Pete looked at Tony andTony looked at Pete, and they ended up giving me this.” She handed me anotherpaper napkin that had “Something For Stevie” scrawledon its outside. Two $50 bills were tucked within its folds. Frannie looked at me with wet, shiny eyes, shook her headand said simply, “Truckers.”

15.  That was three months ago. Today is Thanksgiving, the first day Stevieis supposed to be back to work. His placement worker said he’s been counting the days until the doctor said he could work,and it didn’t matter at all that it was a holiday. He called 10 times in thepast week, making sure we knew he was coming, fearful that we had forgotten himor that his job was in jeopardy. I arranged to have his mother bring him towork. We met them in the parking lot and invited them both to celebrate his dayback.

16.  Stevie was thinner and paler, but couldn’t stop grinning as he pushedthrough the doors and headed for the back room where his apron and busing cartwere waiting. “Hold up there, Stevie, not so fast,” I said. I took him and hismother by their arms. “Work can wait for a minute. To celebrate you comingback, breakfast for you two is on me.” I led them toward a large corner boothat the rear of the room. I could feel and hear the rest of the staff followingbehind as we marched through the dining room. Glancing over my shoulder, I sawbooth after booth of grinning truckers empty and join the procession.

17.  We stopped in front of the big table, its surface covered with a mess ofcoffee cups, saucers and dinner plates, all sitting crooked on dozens of foldedpaper napkins. “First thing you have to do, Stevie, is to clean up this mess,” I said, trying to sound stern.Stevie looked at me, and then at his mother, then pulled out one of thenapkins. It had “Something for Stevie” written on the outside. As he picked itup, two $10 bills fell onto the table. Stevie stared at the money, then at dozens of napkins peeking from beneath the tableware,each with his name printed or scrawled on it.

18.   I turned to his mother. “There’s over$10,000 in cash and checks on that table, all from truckers and truckingcompanies that heard about your problems. Happy Thanksgiving!” Well, it gotreal noisy about that time, with everybody shouting, and there were a few tears,too. But you know what’s funny? While everybodyelse was busy shaking hands and hugging each other, Stevie, with a big, bigsmile on his face, was busy clearing all the cups and dishes from the table—thebest worker I ever hired.

课文译文3

送给史蒂维的一点心意

丹·安德森

1    我力求不存偏见，不过在雇用史蒂维时我的确心存疑虑。他的就业顾问向我保证，说他会成为出色、可靠的餐馆杂工。我从未雇过智障的员工，是否要招收一位，我举棋不定。我的顾客会有什么反应，我没有把握。史蒂维是个矮个儿，胖墩墩的，如其他唐氏综合症患者一样，面部光滑，口齿不清。

2    对大多数来就餐的卡车司机们，我还是很放心的。只要食物好，馅饼地道，他们基本不在乎谁收碗碟。真正让我担心的是那些高谈阔论的大学走读生，那些因惧怕“路边餐馆的细菌”而用餐巾悄悄擦拭银餐具的雅皮士势利眼儿们，还有那些穿白色衬衫、使用公款消费、认为餐馆里每个女服务员都渴望调情的商务人员。我知道，史蒂维在这里工作，他们会感到别扭，所以开头几个星期我密切地关注着他。

3    我的担心是多余的。第一周过后，史蒂维就抓住了我每位员工的心。不足一个月，我的老顾客 ¾那些卡车司机们 ¾就正式认定史蒂维为卡车司机休息站的吉祥人物。自此以后，我不再介意其他顾客的看法了。

4    史蒂维21岁，蓝色牛仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满面笑容，讨人喜爱，极端地敬业。他收拾好一张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌面不见一点面包屑、一滴咖啡液。

5    我们唯一的问题是得说服他等待客人用餐完毕再去收拾桌子。他总是在不起眼的地方守候，左右脚替换着支撑体重，眼睛巡视整个餐厅。一看见哪张餐桌边的客人都离去，他立即赶过去，仔细地把碗碟收拾到餐车上，拿起抹布仔细地擦桌子，动作娴熟、夸张。要是他觉得有顾客正在看他，他就会眉头紧锁，更加专注。工作一丝不苟，这是他自豪的源泉。他取悦面前的每一个人，那煞费苦心的劲头真是惹人喜爱。

6   后来，我们得知史蒂维和母亲一起生活。他母亲是个寡妇，因患癌症经历多次手术而落下残疾。母子俩靠社会保险金生活，住在离餐馆两英里以外的廉租房里。社工人员偶尔登门看望，说他们母子生活着实艰辛贫困。他们手头拮据，我所付的工资仅能保证母子俩相依为命，史蒂维才不至于沦落到被“集体之家”（为残障人士提供护理的机构）收容。

7    到了去年八月的一个早上，就是三年里史蒂维没能来上班的第一个早上，整个餐馆气氛忧伤。他在罗切斯特的梅奥诊所接受一个心脏手术，大概要置入新的心脏膜瓣。社工人员说，有唐氏综合症的人常会在年轻时犯心脏病，所以史蒂维做手术不足为奇；几个月后，他有望从手术中恢复健康，重返工作岗位。

8    有一天接近中午时，有消息传来，说史蒂维手术结束，正在恢复，状况良好。员工当中激动的情绪如涟漪荡漾。领班弗兰妮听到消息，一声欢呼，旋即在过道上跳了一阵舞。经常光顾我们餐馆的一位卡车司机贝尔·林格，此时诧异地看着年届五十、已有四个孙儿的弗兰妮在他桌边晃动身体，跳起祝贺胜利的希米舞。弗兰妮窘得红了脸，用手抹平围裙，朝着贝尔狠狠地瞪了一眼。

9    贝尔咧嘴一笑。“好了，弗兰妮，什么事那么高兴啊？”他问。

10   “我们刚得到消息，史蒂维做完了手术，平安无事。”她回答。

11   “我还一直在纳闷，怎么今天不见他呢？”贝尔问。“本来有个笑话要讲给他听呢。做的是什么手术呢？”

12   弗兰妮快言快语，把史蒂维的手术情况告诉贝尔和他旁边坐着的两个司机。“唉！”弗兰妮叹息着说：“他平安无事，我很开心，但是我不知道他和他妈妈怎样支付所有的费用。我听说，他们的日子一直过得紧巴巴的。” 贝尔·林格点点头，若有所思。弗兰妮匆匆离开，去招待其它桌的客人了。

13   上午的客流高峰一过，弗兰妮走进我的办公室。她手上拿着几张纸餐巾，表情诡异。“怎么了？”我问。“在贝尔·林格和他朋友坐过的那张餐桌上，”她说，“这张折叠的餐巾纸就塞在一个咖啡杯下”。她把那张餐巾递给我。我抖开它，三张20元的钞票跌落在我的桌面上。纸巾外面工整地写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”，字母很大很粗。

14   “波尼·皮特也问我为何跳那支舞，”她说。“我把史蒂维和他母亲的一切都告诉他了。皮特看看托尼，托尼看看皮特，他们最后把这个给了我。”她递给我另一张纸餐巾，只见外面潦草地写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”。折叠的餐巾中夹着两张50元的钞票。弗兰妮看着我，眼睛闪着泪花，摇摇头，只说了一句话，“这些卡车司机啊。”

15   那是三个月前的事了。今天是感恩节，是史蒂维重返工作岗位的第一天。他的就业顾问说，史蒂维一直数算着日子，直到医生告诉他可以上班了。就算这天是假日也没有关系。他在过去一周内打了十次电话，确保我们知道他要回来了，担心我们忘记他，担心丢掉这份工作。我经过筹划，让他母亲陪他来上班。我们在停车场迎接他们，邀请母子二人一起庆祝他归来。

16   史蒂维面色苍白，人也瘦了，但是总咧着嘴笑。 他用力推开门，径直走向工作间，他的围裙和餐车正在那儿等着他呢。“等一下，史蒂维，别着急，”我说。我挽着他们母子的手臂说，“等会儿再开工。我请二位吃早餐，庆祝史蒂维归来。”我带他们向餐厅后面角落里一个大隔间走去。我们穿过餐厅的时候，我能感觉到、也能听到其他员工紧紧跟着。我回头望去，看见笑容满面的卡车司机们走出一个个隔间，融入员工的队伍中。

17   我们来到那张大餐桌前。桌面上凌乱的咖啡杯、小碟、餐盘，横七竖八地摆放在一堆折叠的纸餐巾上。“史蒂维，你要做的第一件事是，把这堆东西清理干净，”我佯装严肃地说。史蒂维看看我，又看看母亲，从那堆餐巾纸中抽出一张。那餐巾外面写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”。他拿起餐巾，两张10元钞票掉在桌子上。史蒂维看看钞票，又看看餐具下面露出的几十张餐巾，每一张都或工整或潦草地写着他的名字。

18   我转身对他母亲说：“这张桌上，有一万多元现金和支票，是卡车司机、卡车公司听说你们的家庭状况后送来的。感恩节快乐！”天哪，此时一片欢腾，人们大声地叫着，也有流泪的。但是你知道此刻最有意思的是什么吗？就在大家都忙着握手、拥抱的时候，史蒂维笑容绽放，正忙着清理桌上的杯盘 — 他真是我手下最好的员工。

有用表达4

GoodUsage  (Para. 1)

had my doubtsabout

placementcounselor

assured me that…

mentallyhandicapped

facialfeatures

thick-tonguedspeech

GoodUsage  (Para. 2)

bus tables

polish theirsilverware

for fear of

white-shirtedbusinessmen

expenseaccount

be flirtedwith

beuncomfortable around…

closely watched

GoodUsage (Paras. 3-4)

had my staff wrapped around his littlefinger

trucker regulars

adopted him as

eager to laughand eager to please

fierce in one’sattention to his duties

was exactly inits place

got done with

GoodUsage  (Para.5)

shifting hisweight from one foot to the other

with apracticed flourish of his rag

pucker his brows

with addedconcentration

took pride indoing his job exactly right

GoodUsage (Para. 6)

over time

lived on

SocialSecurity benefits

social worker

check on him

every so often

had fallenbetween the cracks

money wastight

GoodUsage (Para. 7)

a gloomy place

missed work

at an early age

There was a good chance (that) …

come through the surgery in good shape

GoodUsage (Paras. 8-10)

A ripple of excitement ran through the staff…

word came that …

was out of surgery

in recovery

head waitress

let out a war whoop

smoothed her apron

shot Belle Ringer a withering look

what was that all about?

got word that

GoodUsage (Paras. 11-12)

handle all the bills

they’re barely getting by

as it is

nodded thoughtfully

wait on the rest of her tables

GoodUsage (Para. 13)

paper napkins

a funny look on her face

What’s up?

in big, boldletters

GoodUsage (Paras.14– 15)

ended up giving me this

counting thedays

his job was injeopardy

arranged tohave his mother bring him to work

parking lot

celebrate hisday back

GoodUsage（Para. 16）

headed for the back room

Hold up there

took him and his mother by their arms

breakfast for you two is on me

at the rear of the room

Glancing over my shoulder

booth after booth of grinning truckers

GoodUsage（Para. 17）

a mess of coffee cups, saucers anddinner plates

clean up this mess

peeking frombeneath the tableware

GoodUsage（Para. 18）

clearing allthe cups and dishes from the table

Useful Expressions from Text A	Chinese Equivalences
have one’s doubts about	对……心存疑虑
for fear of	惧怕，担心
be uncomfortable around…	感到别扭
have sb. wrapped around one’s little  finger	抓住了我每位员工的心
take pride in	以……为荣
fall between the cracks	生活着实艰辛贫困
There is a good chance (that) …	有望
come through the surgery in good shape	从手术中恢复健康
A ripple of excitement runs through…	激动的情绪如涟漪荡漾
word comes that …	有消息传来
end up doing	结果是；最终是
count the days	数算着日子
one’s job is in jeopardy	工作堪虞
glance over one’s shoulder	我回头望去
clean up this mess	把这堆东西清理干净

Useful Expressions from Text B	Chinese Equivalences
feel  the thrill of a dice roll	有掷骰子时的兴奋感
trapped  in a life of poverty	为贫穷所困
stare into the darkness	凝视着那片漆黑
lost in thought	陷入沉思之中
catch sb. unawares	在我们不经意间

词汇学习5

KeyWords and Expressions for Text A

biased a. having an unfair reason for liking ordisliking sb. 有偏见的；偏袒一方的

e.g.  1. You may say that I’m biased, but I think my daughter’s paintings arethe best.

2. He seemed a bit biased against women in my opinion.

我认为他好像对女性有点儿成见。

assure vt. [(of)] tell firmly and with confidence, esp. with the aim of removingdoubt; promise [常与of连用]向……保证，使确信，使有信心

e.g.  1. The doctor assured us that our son would get well soon. 

2. They tried to assurehim of their willingness to work.

    他们尽力使他相信他们乐意工作。

CF: ensure, assure, guarantee

这些动词都有“保证”之意。

ensure 侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。例如：
    Ensure that it is written into yourcontract.

assure 侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，从而有达到目的的保证感，但不如ensure普通。例如：
    I assure you that she can be trustedto do the job.

guarantee 指对事物的品质或人的行为的保证。例如：

Histurning up will guarantee the success of the meeting.

reliable a. that may be trusted; dependable 可靠的；可信赖的

e.g.  1. Henry is a forgetful guy — he’s not very reliable.

2. She was efficient and reliable.

她办事很有效率，也很可靠。

for fear of  because of anxiety about/that; in case(of) 由于担心……；因为怕……

e.g.  1. He left an hour early for fearof missing the train.

2. He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.

         他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。

dread vt. feel great fearor anxiety about 害怕，恐惧；担心

e.g.  1. The old lady dreaded being all alone in that big house.

2. We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.

  我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。

wrap sb. around one’slittle finger infml get sb. to do whateverone wants; be able to persuade or influence sb. to do anything〖非正式〗随心所欲地支配某人，任意摆布某人

e.g.  1. Your son is old enough to decide what to do; sodon’t wrap him around your little finger.

     2. She twists the young man around her littlefinger.

她任意摆布那个小伙子。

visible a. [(to)]that can be seen; noticeable to theeye [常与to连用] 可见的，看得见的

e.g.  1. The tall church tower is visible from the nearby village.

    2. The warning lights were clearly visible.

警示信号灯清晰可见。

get/be done with befinished with 做完，结束

e.g.  1. Pass me the newspaper after you are done with it.

   2. You’ll be surprised howmuch stuff you can get done with a bit of volunteer offline time.

少上点网，你会惊讶地发现你能利用这点时间做很多事情。

hover vi.(of people)stay around one place, esp. in a way that annoys other people （人）徘徊；走来走去

e.g.  1. He hovered nervously in the doorway, waiting for the hostess to comeout.

     2. With no idea of what to do for my nextmove, my hand hovered over the board.

不知道下一步该怎么走，我一只手在棋盘上举落不定。

in the background in a situation little seen or noticed; behind theplace where the main activity is happening 不显眼；在幕后

e.g.  1. ThePresident’s advisors are content to remain in the background.

2. He took a picture of me withthe pavilion in the background.     
他以那个亭子为背景给我照了一张相片。

take pride in be proud of; drawsatisfaction from 以……为荣（自豪）；对……感到满意

e.g.   1. Parentsalways take great pride in theirchildren’s achievements.

   2. It is difficult to takepride in work that is never seen.

没人看见的活儿，干起来不带劲。

each and every each single individual in a group of people or things, without exception 每个（无一例外）

e.g.   1. It seems that the old librarian knows each and every book in thelibrary.

   2. It is the duty of each andevery citizen to shake superstition off.

          每个公民都有责任破除迷信。

check on makesure that there is nothing wrong with sb./sth.核实，检查（是否一切正常）

e.g.  1. The police are checking on what the young man said about the murder.

   2. I want to check on the timeyour driver is picking me up.

我想问一下你的司机来接我的时间。

every so often from time to time 偶尔，有时

e.g.  1. We seldom meet, but every so often we chat on the Internet.

   2. We meet every so often andcompare notes.

我们时常碰头，交换意见。

come through continue to live or exist after (a difficult or dangerous event orsituation); survive 经受住；熬过（困难、危险等）而活下来

e.g.  1. If he comesthrough the operation, he should be back to work within six or seven weeks.

   2. Johnwas so ill he was lucky to come through.

        约翰病得很厉害，能活下来算很幸运了。

let out suddenly make a loud sound such as a shout or cry发出（叫声等）

e.g.  1. The baby letout a cry of pain when the nurse gave him the injection.

    2. Whenshe saw him, she let out a cry of horror.

她看见他时吓得大叫一声。

shoot sb. alook/shoot a look at sb.  look quickly at sb., and then away again瞪某人一眼；投以……的神色

e.g.  1. She shot a curious look at the letter to seewhere it was from.

     2. The man in the black overcoat shot apenetrating look at the other man.

身穿黑大衣的男子目光犀利地扫了另外一名男子一眼。

grin vi.[(with, at)] make a widesmile [常与with或at连用]露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑

e.g.  1. The old man grinned with delight when he heardthe good news.

     2. Sarah tried several times to catchPhilip's eye, but he just grinned at her.

萨拉几次想引起菲利普的注意，但是他只是冲她咧嘴笑了笑。

get by have enough money to buy the things one needs, but no more 勉强过活

e.g.  1. The young couple can’t get by on such a smallincome.

2. Melville managed to get by on a smallamount of money.

梅尔维尔仅靠一点点钱勉强度日。

as it is inreality; in the situation that actually exists 事实上，实际情况是

e.g.  1. I thought my grandpa would get better. As it is, he is getting worse.

    2. We’re busy enough as it is; don’t give usmore trouble.

         我们够忙的，别再来添乱了。

wait on serve (a customer, a client, etc.);attend sb. as a servant, helper, follower, etc.招待（顾客等)；伺候，侍候

e.g.  1. Several young girlswaited on the old woman every day; she didn’t seem able to do anything.

    2. She looked around for a salesman to wait onher.

         她环顾四周，找售货员接待她。

scrawl vt. write in a careless, hurried, awkward, or unskillful way 潦草地写，乱涂乱画

e.g.  1. He scrawled a few hurried lines on his notebook and left the room.

   2. Now Tom began to scrawlsomething on the slate, hiding the words from the girl.

         这时候，汤姆又在写字板上写着什么字，还用手挡住不让那姑娘看见。

count the days look forward to sth. witheagerness 热切地盼望

e.g.  1. Christmas is a few months away, but I’m already counting the days.

   2. When I returned from atrip, I would count the days until my next vacation.

旅行才归来，我就开始算着日子期待下一个假期。

cleanup clean thoroughlyand remove anything unwanted 彻底扫除；清理

e.g.  1. It took us hours to clean up thekitchen after the Thanksgiving dinner.

   2. Let me clean up the brokenglass before someone walks on it.

       我来把碎玻璃扫掉，以免有人踩到。

dozensof infml lots of; very many〖非正式〗很多

e.g.  1. I’ve spoken to him dozens of times, but I stilldon’t remember his name.

   2. He’s starred in dozens offilms.

         他主演过很多部影片。

Text B

Key Words:

ennoble  vt.	weep vi.	await vt.	frail a.
pin vt.	embarrassing a.	glisten vi.	hint n.
crease vt.	considerate a.	intent a.	condition  vt.
sole a.

ennoble vt. make better and morehonourable使崇高，使受尊敬

e.g.   Hard work hasn’t changed him for the worse;on the contrary, it has ennobled him.

The total effect of Aristofie’s thoughtis to ennoble humanity and to increase personal responsibility.

weep vi. [(over, for)] fml or lit cry tears [常与over或for连用] 〖正式或文〗流泪，哭泣

e.g.  When she learned that her father was badly injured in the earthquake, shebroke down and wept.

Laugh, and the world laughs with you;weep, and you weep alone.

await vt. fml wait for〖正式〗等待

e.g.   Two men have been charged with the murder of that pop star and arenow awaiting trial.

I grew to await it with a nameless dread.

frail a. weak in body or health虚弱的；衰弱的

e.g.   Shelay in bed looking rather frail. How could she look after herself?

His mother was becoming too frail to live alone.

pin vt. fastenor join with a pin or pins (用别针等)把……别住，(用钉等)把……钉住

e.g.  He pinned the name tag on his jacket andentered the office building.

They pinned a notice to the door.

embarrassing a. making one feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable令人为难的，尴尬的

e.g.  It was a most embarrassing moment when I tried to introduce a woman whosename I couldn’t remember.

       Itwas an embarrassing situation, but she managed to laugh it off.

glisten vi. [(with)] shine (as if) from wetness[常与with连用]（湿物）闪耀，闪亮

e.g.  Thesun shone and the ice on the roof glistened.

Darcy’s face was white and glistening with sweat.

hint n. [(of)] a small sign or small amount [常与of连用]（细微的）迹象，少许，微量

e.g.  “Move up; move tothe rear of the bus,” shouted the bus driver with a hint of impatience.

I glanced at her and saw no hint of irony on her face.

crease vt. make a line or linesappear on (a garment, paper, cloth, etc.) by folding, crushing, or pressing 使起褶痕；起皱

e.g.  Pack the clothescarefully so that you don’t creasethem.

Liz sat down on the bed, lowering herself carefully so as not tocrease her skirt.

considerate a. [(towards,to)] apprec thoughtful of thewishes, needs, or feelings of others [常与towards或to连用]〖褒〗体贴的，关心的；替他人着想的，考虑周全的

e.g.  Please be considerate towards yourroommates. Do not talk on the phone after midnight.

I’ve always understood one should try to be considerate to otherpeople.

intent a. [(on, upon)]showing fixed or eager attention (in doing or wishing to do) [常与on 或upon连用] 专注的；专心于……的

e.g.  He was so intent on his research that nothing could distract him.

The play starred a well-known retired actress who was intent on acomeback.

engage(sb. in sth.) vt. fml make sb. joinwith one in sth.〖正式〗使某人加入(参加)……

e.g.  The policeman tried desperately to engage thesuspect in conversation, but he just kept silent.

       We want to engage recognized leaders indiscussion.

condition vt. tech or derog train tobehave in a certain way in certain conditions 〖术语或贬〗使形成条件反射；使适应；使习惯于

e.g.   Most people areconditioned to believe what they read in the newspaper.                      

We are all conditioned by early impressions and experiences.

sole a. being theonly one; only唯一的，仅有的

e.g.   John has been thesole breadwinner of the family after his parents died.

Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.

CF: only, single, sole

这些形容词均可表示“唯一的”之意。

only为普通用词，常可与sole换用，但侧重仅限于指定的人或物，而不需要更多。例如：

That left MrDertliev as the only candidate.

single语气较强，强调仅此一个，再无第二个。例如：

Over sixhundred people were wounded in a single day.

sole语气强于only，指仅有一个或一群，只考虑这一个或这一群。例如：

He was thesole heir of the large estate.

Expressions:

count  on	except for	shut off	pull up
make a living	hold on to	engage sb. in sth.	revolve around
catch sb. unawares

counton  expect;take into account; depend on 期望,料想到；依靠，指望

e.g.  Ididn’t count on Jeff arriving so early that day. He’s seldom on time.

       Don’t count on other people to help you outof trouble.

except for  apart from; withthe exception of 除了……之外

e.g.  After the long walk, my grandpafelt fine except for being a little tired.

The weather was good except for an occasional shower.

shut off  stop the flow oroperation (of), e.g. by turning a handle or pressing a button(把……)切断，关掉

e.g.  Shut off the gas and electricity before you leavethe house for your holidays.

They pulled over and shut off theengine.

pull up  (cause to) come to a stop(使)停住

e.g.  Therewas an accident ahead, so all the vehicles had to pull up.

Suddenly, he pulled up sharply in his stride, and fell to the floor.

makea living  gainsufficient money to support oneself (and one’s family) 谋生；赚钱糊口

e.g.  To make a living, Kellyhas done such things as babysitting, cleaning and selling newspapers.

       Sheheard that it was easier to make a living in the big cities.

hold on to  keep holding (sth./sb)抓紧；不放开

e.g.  Grandpa is so frail that he can’t walk withoutholding on to someone’s arm.

When you’re standing in the subway, you'd better hold on to the strap.

engage(sb. in sth.) vt. fml make sb. joinwith one in sth.〖正式〗使某人加入(参加)……

e.g.   They tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.

        In vain did we try to engage him in our groupactivities, and he didn't show the least interest.

revolve around  [no pass.; not in progressive forms] have as a centre or main subject[无被动态；不用进行式]以……为中心（主题）

e.g.  Jane’s life revolves around her children—sheseldom cares about herself.

       Theirtroubles revolve around money management.

catch sb. unawares  surprise sb. by one’s presence 出其不意地出现

e.g.  The little boy’s question caught me completely unawares. I had neverthought about it before.

       You caught us unawares by coming so early.

语法讲解6

分词作定语

1. 单个分词作定语，一般置于被修饰名词的前面，个别分词如given, left作定语时需要后置，修饰不定代词something等也需要后置。

We can see the rising sun.

He is a retired worker.

This is the question given.

There is nothing interesting.

2. 分词短语作定语，只能后置。

The first textbook written for teachingEnglish as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

3. 过去分词作定语时，与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

Most of the people (who were) invited tothe party were famous scientists.

定语从句

定语从句（attributive clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语或宾语：

Is he the man who / that wants to see you?

He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday.

2）whose用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose carhad broken down.

Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never beenseen before appears in the countryside.

The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) onemust yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I wasborn.

Is this the reason why (for which) herefused our offer?

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when，where，why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / inwhich) he was born.

He is unlikely to find the place (that /where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 

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